Wellknown Female Artists and United States Art Academies They Studied at From 18th Century

The history of art is littered with the names of bang-up men—Leonardo da Vinci, Vincent Van Gogh, Pablo Picasso, etc. But what well-nigh the women who have helped shape the world'southward visual history? As with many other fields, women were historically discouraged from pursuing a career in the arts, yet there are many incredible females who persevered. These famous female person artists have more in common than their gender and career path—they are all trailblazers in their own correct, with many breaking barriers in their personal and public life.

Of class, these women would near likely be displeased to be included in a list of female painters, preferring to be valued every bit artists outside of their gender. Unfortunately, as women proceed to fight for equality in all fields, these exceptional artists are ofttimes still mentioned in terms of their gender. Luckily, more ever, these women of stardom are beingness held up confronting their male person peers and recognized positively for their contributions to art history. Organizations like Advancing Women Artists work to ensure that the female person talent of the past doesn't get left out of the history books.

A expect at some of the corking female artists of the by is also a timeline of fine art history. Women have been leading figures in every artistic movement from the Italian Renaissance to American Modernism and beyond. By weaving our way through art history—from a 16th-century courtroom painter for King Philip II to the 20th-century icon that is Frida Kahlo—let'due south have a look at the strength, character, and talent of these exceptional women.

If yous're an fine art lover, hither are 12 famous female person artists that y'all need to know.

Sofonisba Anguissola (1532–1625)

"Three Children with a Dog" by Sofonisba Anguissola. circa 1570-1590. (Photo: Wikimedia, Public domain)

Painter Sofonisba Anguissola was a trailblazer during the Italian Renaissance. Born into a relatively poor noble family, her begetter made sure that she and her sisters had a well-rounded education that incorporated fine fine art. This included apprenticeships with respected local painters. This set a precedent for future female artists, who until that point typically only apprenticed if a family member had a workshop. Anguissola's talent caught the eye of Michelangelo, with whom she carried on an informal mentorship through the commutation of drawings.

Though, as a female creative person, she was not allowed to study anatomy or practice drawing models due to its perceived vulgarity, she yet managed to accept a successful career. Much of her success was owed to her role every bit a painter in the court of King Philip II of Espana. Over the course of xiv years, she developed her skills for official courtroom portraiture also as more intimate portraits of nobility. Her paintings are known for capturing the spirit and vibrance of her sitters and can now be found in collections effectually the world.

Artemisia Gentileschi (1593–1653)

"Cocky-Portrait every bit the Allegory of Painting" by Artemisia Gentileschi. 1638–39. (Photo: Wikipedia, Public domain)

As the girl of an accomplished painter, Artemisia Gentileschi was afforded admission to the art world at a immature age. Early on on she was in her father'south workshop mixing paints and he supported her career when he noted that she was exceptionally gifted. As a noted painter of the Italian Bizarre flow, Artemisia Gentileschi did not let her gender agree her back from her field of study affair. She painted large-scale Biblical and mythological paintings, but like her male counterparts and was the first woman accepted to the prestigious Fine art Academy in Florence.

Her legacy is sometimes overshadowed by her biography, with her bloody depictions of Judith and Holofernesoftentimes being interpreted through the lens of her rape at the hands of a beau artist. Nevertheless, her talent is undeniable and she continues to be recognized for her realistic delineation of the female form, the depth of her colors, and her hit use of light and shadow.

Judith Leyster (1609–1660)

"The Happy Couple" past Judith Leyster. 1630. (Photo: Wikipedia, Public domain)

Born in Haarlem, Judith Leyster was a leading artist during the Dutch Gilt Age. Typical of Dutch artists during this period, Leyster specialized in genre paintings, nonetheless life, and portraits. The details backside her artistic training are unclear, just she was 1 of the offset women admitted to the painter's gild in Haarlem. She later ran a successful workshop with several male apprentices and was known for the relaxed, informal nature of her portraits.

While she was quite successful during her lifetime, her reputation suffered later on her death due to unfortunate circumstances. Her entire oeuvre was passed off as work either past her gimmicky Frans Hals or by her husband. In many cases, her signature was covered past collectors looking to make a profit due to the high market value of Frans Hals' piece of work. Only in the belatedly 19th century were these errors discovered and scholars began to gain a renewed appreciation for Leyster's skill as an artist.

Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun (1755–1842)

"Cocky-Portrait in a Straw Lid" by Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun. 1782. (Photograph: Wikipedia, Public domain)

French portrait artist Élisabeth Vigée Le Brun created an impressive body of work totaling near ane,000 portraits and landscape paintings. Equally the girl of a painter, she received early educational activity from her father and was painting portraits professionally by the time she was a teenager. Her large career interruption came when she was named equally Marie Antoinette's portrait painter and she was later granted entry to numerous art academies.

Her paintings span the gap between the theatrical Rococo style and more restrained Neoclassical flow. She enjoyed continued success in her career, even while in exile after the French Revolution, as she was a favorite painter of the aristocracy across Europe. Sitters enjoyed her ability to put them at ease, which led to portrait paintings that were lively and lacking stiffness. The natural, relaxed manner of her portraits was considered revolutionary at a time when portraiture often called for formal depictions of the upper classes.

Rosa Bonheur (1822–1899)

"The Horse Fair" by Rosa Bonheur. 1852–55. (Photo: Wikipedia, Public domain)

Like many female artists, Rosa Bonheur'southward father was a painter. The French Realist painter is considered one of the most famous female artists of the 19th century, known for her big-format paintings that featured animals. She exhibited regularly at the acclaimed Paris salon and found success abroad in both the United States and Great britain. Bonheur spent a great amount of time sketching live animals in motion, accounting for her remarkable power to capture their likeness on canvas.

Bonheur is also celebrated for breaking gender stereotypes. From the mid-1850s onward she wore men's dress, even obtaining law authorization to exercise so. Though she was often criticized for wearing trousers and loose blouses, she continued to don them throughout her life, citing their practicality when working with animals. She was too an open lesbian, first living with partner Nathalie Micas for over 40 years and so, afterward Micas' death, forging a relationship with American painter Anna Elizabeth Klumpke. Past living her life openly in an era when lesbianism was disparaged past the authorities, Bonheur staked her claim equally a groundbreaking private both in her career and her personal life.

Berthe Morisot (1841–1895)

"Lady at her Toilette" by Berthe Morisot. 1875. (Photo: Wikipedia, Public domain)

Considered one of the great female Impressionists, Berthe Morisot had art running through her veins. Born into an aristocratic French family unit, she was the neat-niece of historic Rococo painter Jean-Honoré Fragonard. Initially, she exhibited her work at the respected Paris Salon before joining the first Impressionist showroom with Monet, Cézanne, Renoir, and Degas. Morisot has a particularly close relationship with Édouard Manet, who painted several portraits of her, and she eventually married his brother.

Her art often focused on domestic scenes and she preferred working with pastels, watercolor, and charcoal. Working mainly in pocket-size scale, her light and airy work was often criticized every bit being too "feminine." Morisot wrote most her struggles to exist taken seriously as a female artist in her journal, stating "I don't recollect there has always been a man who treated a woman as an equal and that's all I would have asked for, for I know I'm worth as much as they."

Mary Cassatt (1844–1926)

"The Kid's Bathroom" by Mary Cassatt. 1893. (Photo: Wikipedia, Public domain)

American painter Mary Cassatt spent her adult life in France, where she became an integral function of the Impressionist grouping. Cassatt was built-in into an affluent family who commencement protested against her desire to become an creative person. She eventually left art school after beingness frustrated by the split treatment that the female students received—they couldn't utilise live models and were left drawing from casts.

Upon moving to Paris at age 22, Cassatt sought a private apprenticeship and spent her gratis time copying Old Master paintings in the Louvre. Cassatt's career was already taking off when she joined the Impressionists and forged a lifelong friendship with Degas. At the same time, she was outspoken in her dismay at the formal art arrangement, which she felt required female person artists to flirt or befriend male person patrons in lodge to move ahead. She created her own career path with the Impressionists, mastering pastels to create soft, lite work that often highlighted women interim as caretakers. Throughout her life, Cassatt continued to support equality for women, fifty-fifty participating in an exhibition in support of women'due south suffrage.

Georgia O'Keeffe (1887–1986)

As an artist at the forefront of American Modernism, Georgia O'Keeffe is one of the most celebrated female artists in history. Her early drawings and paintings led to bold experiments in abstraction, with her focus on painting to express her feelings ushering in an era of "Art for Art'southward Sake." During her lifetime, her career was intertwined with her husband, Alfred Stieglitz. While the renowned photographer espoused ideas that American art could equal that of Europe and that female painters could create art just as powerful as men, he also hindered interpretation of her work.

Stieglitz viewed creativity as an expression of sexuality and these thoughts, coupled with his intimate portraits of O'Keeffe, pushed forward an idea that her close upward paintings of flowers were metaphors for female ballocks. Information technology'due south a concept that the artist has always denied, though her work is undoubtedly sensual. O'Keeffe spent much of her career combatting her art's interpretation solely as a reflection of her gender. Throughout her life she refused to participate in all-female person art exhibitions, wishing to be defined simply every bit an artist, gratuitous from gender.

Tamara de Lempicka (1898–1980)

Polish creative person Tamara de Lempicka is known for her highly stylized portraits and nudes that exemplify the Art Deco era. De Lempicka spent much of her career in French republic and the U.s., where her piece of work was favored by aristocrats. One of her most famous paintings,Self-Portrait in a Dark-green Bugatti, exemplifies the cool and discrete nature of De Lempicka's figures. In the piece of work, which was created for the encompass of a German mode magazine, De Lempicka exudes independence and inaccessible beauty.

Her paintings often contained narratives of desire, seduction, and modern sensuality, making them revolutionary for their time. De Lempicka enjoyed success until the outbreak of Earth War II, just there was a resurgence of involvement in her work as Art Deco became popular over again in the 1960s. Her immediately recognizable manner makes her a item favorite among fans of Fine art Deco painters and today her work is more than popular than ever, with Madonna beingness a known collector of her paintings.

Frida Kahlo (1907–1954)

Currently, there'south no other 20th-century female creative person with a proper name as recognizable atFrida Kahlo. While the drama of her tragic accident as a young adult female and her tumultuous relationship with husband Diego Rivera have sometimes overshadowed her artistic abilities, there is no denying the power of her painting. She is particularly known for her cocky-portraits, which bargain with themes of identity, suffering, and the human torso.

Though she was sometimes written virtually solely every bit "Diego Rivera'due south wife" during her lifetime, her artwork has only gained momentum since her death. The most famous Frida Kahlo paintings vest to important fine art museums around the world, while she has gained status equally a champion of feminists, Chicanos, and the LGBT community.

Helen Frankenthaler (1928–2011)

Growing upwards in Manhattan, Helen Frankenthaler pursued painting studies at the Dalton Schoolhouse and Bennington College. She began her extensive exhibition career in 1952, with the brandish of her painting Mountains and Sea. Having studied under the creative person Hans Hoffman, as a young artist she became an important figure in the abstruse expressionism creative movement. Her paintings featured colorful, organic shapes. In the early years of her career, these compositions tended to be centralized on the canvass. By the 1960s, Frankenthaler's works often encompassed the entire canvas. Her six-decades-worth of work displays a constant development in style.

Today, Frankenthaler is remembered as a pioneer of colour field painting—a style which features big swaths of color as the painting's "bailiwick." To attain the consequence of a wash of brilliant color, Frankenthaler thinned her paints with turpentine before applying them to the unprimed canvas. The result of this "soak stain" method was an almost-watercolor-like appearance with colour built in organic layers. Hers and similar works were included in the famous 1964 exhibit curated past art critic Clement Greenberg, entitled Postal service-Painterly Brainchild. Today, her work can be establish in most major American fine art museums.

June Leaf (1929–Present)

Born and raised in Chicago, June Leaf briefly trained at the IIT Plant of Design earlier setting out to pursue her own contained learning in Paris at the tender age of 18. In 1954, she returned to Illinois to obtain her bachelor'southward and master's degrees in Fine art Education. However, in 1958 she returned to Paris with funding for her artwork from a Fulbright. Over the years, she adult an allegorical mode beyond several mediums. Through pen and ink drawings, canvas paintings, and kinetic sculpture, Leaf's piece of work embraces the abstract and unusual. Her work often features the human being body—ofttimes incorporating her own imagined easily into the work.

Leaf and her husband—filmmaker and photographer Robert Frank—split their time betwixt a Bleeker Street flat in New York and fishing cottage in Nova Scotia. In 2016, the Whitney Museum of American Fine art held a retrospective on her work entitled June Leaf: Thought Is Infinite. Although Frank passed abroad in 2019, Leaf all the same creates. In a 2016 interview with Women's Clothing Daily, she described her work as a process of searching. She said, "Maybe I don't want public acclaim. I desire to survive with that integrity that is and so precious to me. The fact that I could make that drawing [gesturing toward an easel] made me call up 'Oh good, you're still a scientist who can invent something that goes with your life.'"

This commodity has been edited and updated.

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